LMK Technologies - Breaking New Ground without Breaking Any Ground

The T-Liner repair structurally renews the entire main/lateral fitting and extends up into the lateral pipe. The repair consist of a one-piece, continuous main and lateral lining that is vacuum impregnated with thermo-set resins, air inverted from the main up into the lateral by the action of a translucent bladder assembly; hereby referred to as a "Liner/Bladder Assembly".

1.0 See Attachment for Installation Specification

The reconstruction will be accomplished using a non-woven fabric tube of particular length and a thermo-set resin with physical and chemical properties appropriate for the application. The lateral tube within a translucent inversion bladder is vacuum impregnated with the resin then placed inside a protective launching device. The main liner is physically attached to the lateral tube and affixed around a rigid launching device. The launching device is winched into the existing sewer. When the launching device is properly positioned and aligned with the lateral connection, the main liner is inflated and the resin-saturated tube is inverted up through the old lateral pipe by the action of an inversion bladder. The resin saturated tube is cured and the inversion bladder and launching device are removed. The end result is a one-piece structural lateral lining and main pipe fitting that provides a verifiable non-leaking connection with all mainline pipe types by incorporating hydrophilic O-rings at each terminal end of the Main/Lateral lining. The composite of the materials above will, upon installation inside the host pipe, exceed the minimum test standards specified by the American Society for Testing Methods F1216-07 Minimum Test Standards for CIPP FLEXURAL STRENGTH -ASTM D-790 4,500 PSI FLEXURAL MODULUS -ASTM D-790 250,000 PSI See Attachment 1.0

The system is designed for a fully deteriorated pipe conditions. Typical installations are a direct result of ground water infiltration, root intrusion and structural defects such as open joints, offset joints, broken or missing pipe sections and hammer taps. The new pipe exhibits a smoothbore interior that typically increases flow rates.

The system is compatible with most all types of pipes; V.C.P., Concrete, Cast Iron, P.V.C and existing main pipes that have been renewed by a CIPP process. Typically, full-length lining systems utilize an inner coating or film. Films may range from PVC, PU to PE. The system is compatible all pipe materials due to the use of hydrophilic sealing O-rings embedded between the main pipe and lining at each terminal end of the Main/Lateral lining. The mainline portion is cylindrically shaped producing a structural Main/Lateral fitting.

Lateral: 4 - 5 and 6-inch diameters. Main: 6-inch through 24-inch.

The liner can transition from one pipe size to another ensuring adequate liner thickness throughout the lining. Refer to Item 4.9

The system can accommodate pipe ovality up to -20%.

The maximum length is 500 feet (standard equipment package).

This system is designed for gravity sewers and low pressure piping.

Needle punched felt or proprietary kitted tubes coated with impervious film with a woven scrim imbedded within. The tube is stitched using Nomex®, high-temp, high-strength thread. The tube is air-tight and flexible in design to reduce inversion pressures. Minimum finished wall thickness: 3.0mm for 4 inch diameter pipe 4.5mm for 5 inch diameter pipe 4.5mm for 6 inch diameter pipe

The lining material is constructed as a one-piece cylindrically shaped Main/Lateral fitting. The main and lateral lining tubes are stitched with high-temp Nomex® thread and thermally sealed. Therefore, there is no joining of two separate liners during the installation process. The end product is a one-piece Main/Lateral cured-in place pipe.

Resin Systems include: LMK656 Non Filled ISO Polyester Resin. LMK700 Series Steam Cured Epoxy Resin. LMK770 Series Ambient Cured Epoxy Resin. LMK100 Series Silicate Resin. 4-inch tube requires .92lbs of resin per lineal foot. 5-inch tube requires 1.40lbs of resin per lineal foot. 6-inch tube requires 1.90lbs of resin per lineal foot.

Excess resin migrates into pipe defects allowing a mechanical anchoring. See Attachment 2

Flexural Strength 4,000-PSI "Minimum" Test Method: ASTM 790 Flexural Modulus 250,000-PSI "Minimum" Test Method: ASTM 790

Chemical Resistance Testing. Test Method: ASTM D5813 and F1216 See independent Laboratory Test Results in Attachment 2.0

The Lining tube is positioned within the translucent inversion bladder assembly and vacuum impregnated with a thermo-set resin. The bladder is translucent, allowing the installer and inspector visual verification of the liner tube during resin saturation.

The system allows only one (1) lateral at a time to be renewed within a MH-MH reach. The quick cure time allows many laterals to be renewed in a day. The number of laterals to be renewed, manhole access and conditions greatly determine the number of laterals renewed in one-day, though the typical number of laterals renewed in one-day is four (4).

The liner can span missing sections of pipe.

There are no effects caused by grade changes since air pressure is used to inflate the liner. The liner is flexible during insertion and can accommodate and negotiate 2-90 degree bends and 4-45 degrees bends.

It is recommended that protruding laterals are trimmed to within a maximum of .5 inches or less.

The liner exhibits a slick and typically smooth interior with a co-efficient that increases flow-rate. Wrinkling will typically occur at bends of 45-degrees and greater and some wrinkling may occur based on actual inner pipe diameter, inner surface, pipe configuration and conditions.

Homeowners and building occupants at a minimum will receive a door knob notice bulletin 48 hours prior to the scheduled work and personal contact is attempted to be made the day of the scheduled work. The notice bulletin summarizes the scope of work, tentative time of service disruption and home/building owner cooperation for non-use of water/sewer for a 2-hour period or less. A brief explanation of "Dry Fixture Traps" is also included. Standard Practice of Installation is to plug the upstream side of the cleanout preventing flow during the inversion and curing process.

The main and the laterals is cleaned utilizing high-pressure water and mechanical cleaning tools. Pressures may range from 2,500 to10,000 PSI removing all roots, debris and obstructions. Any protruding service connections will be removed prior to liner insertion. The current condition of the pipe will be compared to the original designed condition to verify that design parameters have not changed. Normal mainline flows are plugged or by-passed during the process, depending on flow.

Typical time for plugging mainline is one-hour (1) or less.

• Access to the upstream/downstream manholes and the lateral cleanout is necessary.
• A TEE shaped or back to back WYE is required. If no clean-out exists, a vacuum excavated snap-fit cleanout can be installed.
• Lateral lining to terminate within 0-2 feet from downstream side of cleanout. If a new cleanout is installed, a minimum spool piece of 3-feet will be installed on the downstream side of the cleanout fitting.

The VAC-A-TEE® System is used to install a TEE shaped cleanout utilizing vacuum excavation. The saddle is specifically designed to snap fit the host pipe as the lower most portion of the saddle extends beyond the spring-line of the pipe. This tight fitting snap firmly holds the saddle until the adhesive sealant is cured. The adhesive/sealant is specifically designed to adhere the PVC saddle to a variety of pipe materials. Each cleanout saddle is hydrostatically tested. Installation Specification. See Attachment 3.0

A typical crew consists of six (5) persons. A mobile wet out unit is required for onsite vacuum impregnated of the liner. The system requires a mobile steam-generating unit, a minimum 250 CFM air compressor, steam hose with controls and a launching device. Traffic disruption is minimal. The installation process is typically quick, efficient and non-disruptive when compared to open cut replacement methods.

Certified and Licensed Technicians remotely carry out the installation. Internal pipe cleaning, inspection and insertion of the lining are typically performed without the need for confined space entry. Entry into a manhole may be required in order to insert a sewer plugs or to assist insertion of equipment in small diameter manholes or where drop inlets exist. If confined entry is required, Federal, State and local laws apply.

Air pressure is applied to launching device causing the Liner/Bladder Assembly to inflate the mainline portion and invert the lateral portion into the lateral pipe. The bladder extends past each terminal end of the lining assembly so the ends remain open and no cutting is necessary.

Maximum length for a continuous lateral lining is one hundred sixty (200) feet.

The Resin/Catalyst packages are proprietary to LMK, Enterprises, Inc. The resin has a typical pot life of- Polyester: One - Two (1-2) hours based on ambient or steam cure mix. Epoxy: Two - Four (2-4) hours based on ambient or steam cure mix. The resin saturated lining is typically cured within- Polyester: 30 - 120 minutes based on ambient or steam cure mix. Epoxy: One - Four (1-4) Hours based on ambient or steam cure mix.

The bladder is re-inverted peeling away from the new cured in-place pipe. During the removal process, the bladder is drawn back into the launching device.

Once cured, the equipment is removed from the mainline pipe.

A final video inspection is performed from the cleanout documented accordingly.

50 - 100 Year Service Life, based physical properties, chemical resistance and extrapolations. upon See supporting documentation in attachment 4.0